Cataract

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Pinguecula,

Pinguecula, caused by the degeneration of the sclera. The cataract looks like a small, convex lump, white or yellow. In the conjunctival area, It is usually found in the inner corner of the eye rather than the outer corner. If not adequately protected, it may spread to the corneal area. At that stage, the disease is called “Pterygium”

Causes and risk factors of Pinguecula
Pinguecula has the same causes and risk factors as pterygium. It is caused by ultraviolet light that causes the conjunctiva to deteriorate with age. And it often happens to people who work outdoors that are exposed to both wind, sun and dust, or people who work in industries with metal welding. In which pinguecula or even pterygium are found in countries located near the equator. This is because sunlight is hotter and contains more ultraviolet radiation than the rest of the world.

The symptom of Pinguecula

Most of the time, there are no symptoms. But there will be abnormality of the conjunctiva as mentioned above.
In the case of pinguecula, there will be eye irritation, burning eyes, watery eyes, and red eyes in the location of pinguecula. Due to inflammation and expansion of the blood vessels that nourish the eyes around the pinguecula spot.

Treatment and prevention of Pinguecula

Wear sunglasses and wind protection when outdoors.
Ophthalmologist may consider using eye drops to relieve pinguecula inflammation.
Pinguecula do not require surgery. Due to small size does not affect visibility.

Pterygium

Pterygium is a type of cataract It is an abnormality that occurs in the eye. caused by the degeneration of the conjunctiva. Some of the tissues are abnormally developed. Forms a fascia around the sclera first and gradually spreads to the black eye, obscuring vision.

Pterygium is caused by deterioration of collagen fibers in the conjunctiva. which are expected to deteriorate due to stimulation from hot air, dry air, dust, pollution and UV rays. Which can occur in all genders and ages But most of them will happen to people who work outdoors aged 40 years and over.

There are 2 methods of pterygium treatment;

Treated with medication to relieve symptoms.
Drops of medication to reduce irritation or treat by controlling inflammation with steroid eye drops But these medicines will only help relieve symptoms.

Pterygium surgery
Surgery to remove the lump, It is a cure that can be cured. There are 2 methods of surgery, which are “normal pterygium removal surgery” and “pterygium removal surgery with tissue transplantation”.

Pterygium surgery with tissue transplantation will help reduce the rate of pterygium recurrence. The doctor will choose the patient's conjunctival tissue. Or a donated placenta lining to be implanted on the patient's white eyes by sewing method or using bio-glue.

Using bio-glue instead of suturing will reduce surgical time and postoperative inflammation, and don't have to cut the sutures. However, it needs to be selected according to the size and severity of the pterygium.

Cataract

Cataract caused by the deterioration of the protein in the eye lens by age. Mostly found in people after and over the age of 50 years.

May be found faster in case;

Have diabetes.
There is an impact on the eyes.
Use medications or supplements that contain steroids.
Exposure to a lot of UV light.
Congenital infectious diseases.

Cataract Treatment

Using the surgery method to dissolve the eye lens by using ultrasound sound waves and inserting an artificial eye lens to replace it, The artificial intraocular lens can last a lifetime.

After the Cataract surgery

Myopia will disappear by default. only astigmatism remains and presbyopia according to age.

In the case of don't want to have any eyesight value left after surgery, You can choose to use artificial eye lenses. That can correct astigmatism and presbyopia according to age. After cataract surgery, you can live without relying on glasses.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition in which high intraocular pressure that it presses on the blood system supply to the optic nerve causing the optic nerve to atrophy. It's a silent disease. Because in the early stages, patients usually have no symptoms.

Most of the time, when detected, it is often very loss of vision. unable to return to normal. It is therefore important to screen for glaucoma once a year. in people over 35 years old, especially those at high risks, such as;

First-line relatives, father, mother, siblings, with glaucoma.
Taking medication and steroid supplements.
Had a concussion injury to the eye or head.
Has a narrow anterior chamber.

Glaucoma Treatment

Start by using eye drops to reduce eye pressure. In severe cases, glaucoma surgery may be required, or add more cataracts as well.

Treated by a specialist ophthalmologist

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